Kirtland Camp by John Pulsipher
The church in Kirtland was now broken up and the poorest of the poor were left, because they could not get away. Only about ten teams were all that was in the possession of the whole of them between five and six hundred persons, but they all [Kirtland Camp] covenanted that they would go together or stay together. This was in the spring of 1838. The presidents of the Seventy took the lead of business. They advised every man that could work to go into the country and work a few months, for horses, cattle, wagons, harnesses, money, store pay, etc., which they did. They worked and prayed and the Lord worked with them. Signs and wonders were seen and heard which caused the Saints to rejoice. One pleasant day in March, while I was at work in the woods, about one mile from the Temple, with father, Elias Pulsipher and Jesse Baker, there was a steamboat past over Kirtland in the air! It was a clear, sunshine day. When we first heard the distant noise, we all stopped work. We listened and wondered what it could be. As it drew nearer, we heard the puffing of a steamboat, intermingled with the sound of many wagons rattling over a rough stony road. We all listened with wonder but could not see what it was. It seemed to pass right over our heads; we all heard the sound of a steamboat as plain as we ever did in our lives. It passed right along and soon went out of our hearing. When it got down to the city it was seen by a number of persons. It was a large fine and beautiful boat, painted in the finest style. It was filled with people. All seemed full of joy. Old Elder Beamon, who had died a few months before was seen standing in the bow of the boat swinging his hat and singing a well known hymn. The boat went steady along over the city, passed right over the Temple and went out of sight to the west! This wonderful sight encouraged the Saints because they knew the Lord had not forgotten them. The people of Kirtland who saw the steamboat in the air said as it arrived over the Temple a part of it broke off and turned black and went north and was soon out of sight, while the boat, all in perfect shape, went to the west more beautiful and pure than before. The power of the Lord was manifested in various ways. Angels were seen in meetings who spoke comforting words, that inasmuch as we would be faithful the Lord would help us and we should be delivered from our enemies. In June the company met, brought in their property which had been earned and behold they had means sufficient to move all the Saints from Kirtland. The company was organized with James Foster, Zerah Pulsipher, Joseph Young, Henry Harriman, Josiah Butterfield, Benjamin Willer and Elias Smith at the head as counsellors, to lead the [Kirtland] camp. On the 6th of July at noon the camp started all in order. The company consisted of 515 souls--249 males, 266 females, 27 tents, 59 wagons, 97 horses, 22 oxen, 69 cows and one bull. Jonathan Dunham was the Engineer and Jonathan H. Hale was the commissary. The business of the engineer was to go thru the rich settlements and towns where he could buy provisions cheap and bring a wagon load to the camp each night. The rations were given out once a day to the several families according to their number; he that gave in money and he that had none to give, all fared alike. There was a regular order in starting; the bugle was sounded for all to rise in the morning at the same time; also to tend prayers and eat breakfast at a certain time and all started together and every wagon kept in its place. Our enemies had threatened never to let us go out of Kirtland two wagons together, but when we got ready to start, the largest company of Saints that had ever traveled together in this generation started out in good order without an enemy to oppose us. We traveled along in fine order and after a few hundred miles we got out of money and stopped and worked about a month at Dayton, Ohio, and got means to pay our way thru to Missouri. While at Dayton the devil entered our camp and got possession of one of the sisters. She was in awful pain and talked all the time and some of the time in rhyme. The Elders administered to her. The evil spirits left her and entered another person and on being rebuked again would enter another and so continued a good part of the night. But when the devil was commanded in the name of Jesus Christ to leave the camp, he went and was very mad. He went thru the whole camp, made a roaring noise, knocked over chairs, broke table legs and made awful work. We again pursued our journey, sometimes the weather was good and sometimes bad. Sometimes our tents would blow over in the rain storms in the night when all within--beds, people and all--would get as wet as drowned mice, but we could sleep in wet beds and not get sick by it. The people in the towns, cities and country thru which we passed looked and gazed at us as we passed along. Sometimes they tried to stop us. Once they threw eggs at us just because we were Mormons.
At one certain city in Missouri [Mansfield, Ohio] the people tried to stop us. They already had the artillery placed in the street. As we came up they were determined to fire the cannon right at our company, but father talked to them till finally they gave up the notion and let us pass unmolested, except a few of our head men whom they took and cast in prison but the Lord delivered them and they came on and overtook the company the next night.
["On Monday, July 16, while at Mansfield, Ohio, they were met by the sheriff, who produced warrants and arrested Josiah Butterfield, Jonathan Dunham, and Jonathan H. Hale, on charges connected with the failure of the "Kirtland Safety Society" Bank. They were lodged in jail in Mansfield, where they were kept until next day, when the jury failing to find bills against them they were discharged at one o'clock p. m. on the 17th, and overtook the camp the same night." History of the RLDS Church, Vol. 2:180]. We traveled in fine order, for we would have order. If people would not obey the rules and keep good order they were labored with and if they would not repent and reform they were turned out of the company. When we got within five miles from Far West, we were met by Joseph, Hyrum and Sidney. A happy meeting it was. They were very glad to see us because they needed help. For the enemies of the Saints had never been at rest since they drove the church from their homes at Independence in 1833. It seemed that the devil was in almost every man in Missouri. They would all declare--from the governor in his chair down to the meanest man there who would stand up and swear with a bottle of whiskey in one hand and a knife in the other, that Mormons should not stay there. Joseph directed us to camp at night around the Temple cellar in Far West and then go thirty miles north to strengthen a small settlement at Adam-ondi-Ahmon. We found the handsomest country I ever saw. We bought land and went to work building houses and mills. The mobs raged all over the country, stealing cattle and horses, burning houses and driving people from their own homes, sometimes killing men and abusing women to an extent unknown even among savages. One man was not safe out alone for if a dozen of the mob could kill one Mormon they thought it would immortalize their names. So we had to work in companies and keep our guns with us. Every man and boy that could carry a gun went into the ranks to defend the women and children. We not only took our guns to our work but slept with them at night so as to be ready to jump at any minute, when the enemy should come. We had spent about five weeks in this way when an express came from Far West stating that a great company of mob had arrived there with the exterminating orders of Governor Boggs. Joseph and Hyrum and the twelve were prisoners and Far West was in the hands of the mob. Joseph's order to us was to give up without making resistance and all will be right. The company who called themselves militia soon came, took us prisoners, took all our arms which was our own individual property. Soon another company came and commenced firing at the unarmed prisoners. The balls whistled all around but thank God not one of us was hurt. Our orders were: we must "leave Davis County within ten days, and leave the state before seedtime in the spring" and if one of us were found there after that time the life of a Mormon would be considered no more than that of a wolf. The mob company stayed to see that the orders were executed and while they stayed they lived on our grain, pork, beef. They would shoot down poor widows' cows right by the door, burn up fences and do all the damage they could. They would even shoot a cow and cut a rope out of the hide before she was dead, to tie a horse with. We thought this a curious land of liberty and equal rights. But there was no time to be lost, for most of the Saints had no teams; they had sold them for land and now must go and leave it. Maybe you can imagine how the few teams that were there were kept going night and day till the saints were moved from Diahmon over into Caldwell County. Now we had to leave the Valley of Adam-ondi-Ahmon and the altar upon which old Father Adam stood and gave his last blessings to his children as they were assembled in the Valley to see a father bowed down with age and hear his voice as he blessed his posterity and told what would take place down to the latest generations. It was with curious feelings that I viewed this ground and the remains of this old altar as I was driving the cows by it for the last time. We had one span of small horses to draw the goods of four families. Women and children had to walk because they could not ride for want of teams. This was a terrible sight--men, women, and children driven from their homes, to travel over the cold prairies covered with snow. After traveling all day in the cold rain and snow till our clothes were wet thru we camped at night on the bleak prairie but still we were not discouraged. Let our foes do what they will, The Mormons will be cheerful still. We soon got out of Davis County. We went and stayed the remainder of the winter with my oldest sister and her kind husband--Horace Burgess, four miles southwest of the city of Far West.
My grandmother, Elizabeth Pulsipher--who lived with us, died on the 2nd of December, being persecuted to death in a "land of liberty." [Autobiography of John Pulsipher, http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/f/l/o/Jen-Florreich/FILE/0012text.txt?Welcome=1067109772].
Saturday, March 28, 2009
A Policeman in early Salt Lake, Utah
A POLICEMAN´S LOT IN EARLY SALT LAKE CITYBecky BartholomewHistory Blazer, November 1996
In 1848 a bashful, oversized 21-year-old by the name of John Pulsipher crossed the Plains with his parents and settled in Utah. He found Salt Lake City to be a very quiet settlement consisting of only two blocks of houses joined as two forts. "Besides these forts," John wrote in his diary, "there was a small saw mill and a corn cracker for a grist mill and a small house by each mill which was the amount of the building in this country at the time of our arrival."
But the following year "a large gentile Emigration" passed through the city on the way to the California gold fields. Most of these strangers were peaceable, stopping only long enough to earn money to get to the coast. Many even attended a Mormon meeting or two. However, the city also attracted a small cadre of gentile and Mormon rabble-rousers. Soon local authorities deemed it necessary to form a corps of watchmen who could keep the peace day and night.
In his diary, John related the formation of this force. He noted that at the close of a public meeting (i.e., church service) one Sunday in June 1849, the clerk read a list of names of men who had been chosen to staff a police force. An hour and day were appointed for these men to meet with Brigham Young, Jedediah M. Grant, and other city/church officials to obtain their commissions and instructions. Young convened the police meeting by stating: "The time has come to have a company of Police officers to watch over this city. I have made a selection of 40 men such as I can trust—when one of these men is on duty I can keep [secure]—the city is poor, not able to pay you much now; so we must have economy and after which we hope to do better."
According to John, all 40 of the men accepted the call. Perhaps the qualifications of the other 39 were similar to John's. He had had prior experience in the Nauvoo Legion (having been admitted at 15 since he was large for his age), and he was steady and sober.
During this meeting John, along with the other men, took an oath of office. He learned that his duties were to see that all people observed the city ordinances and broke no territorial laws and to be on duty at all times and to "put down iniquity whenever we find it as we are passing around and about our work." The police were not to charge for their vigilance except when they were on night watch, when they would be paid 25 cents an hour—about the same as Utah's then-current minimum wage. President Young admitted this was "too small pay for men being broke of their rest. But be of good courage," he said, "for you shall be blessed." As for police ethics, Young told the group: "If any man asks for your authority knock him down with your cane. Serve my boys the same way."
The police brigade subsequently met each Sunday between the two church meetings to "post each other in the line of duty." John did not mind these gatherings, finding them to be "of great benefit" by way of instruction, shared news, and no doubt camaraderie.
John served as a Salt Lake City police officer for four years. He later wrote that many incidents occurred during his tour of duty, but "I have not time to write it." On occasion he was gone a full day or even two chasing thieves and tracking down stolen property such as cattle and horses. Besides his 24-hour volunteer vigilance—a duty filled "while we are about our own business"—John served one-half night of watch duty per week, taking the irregular hours in stride. Night work "would scarce ever hinder me from my daily labor," he noted. "I have tended mill so much, worked all day and half of the night that I don't need as much sleep as some think they do."
Source: "A Short Sketch of the History of John Pulsipher...Written by Himself," (n.p.: June 1970), mimeographed typescript, copy in LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City.
In 1848 a bashful, oversized 21-year-old by the name of John Pulsipher crossed the Plains with his parents and settled in Utah. He found Salt Lake City to be a very quiet settlement consisting of only two blocks of houses joined as two forts. "Besides these forts," John wrote in his diary, "there was a small saw mill and a corn cracker for a grist mill and a small house by each mill which was the amount of the building in this country at the time of our arrival."
But the following year "a large gentile Emigration" passed through the city on the way to the California gold fields. Most of these strangers were peaceable, stopping only long enough to earn money to get to the coast. Many even attended a Mormon meeting or two. However, the city also attracted a small cadre of gentile and Mormon rabble-rousers. Soon local authorities deemed it necessary to form a corps of watchmen who could keep the peace day and night.
In his diary, John related the formation of this force. He noted that at the close of a public meeting (i.e., church service) one Sunday in June 1849, the clerk read a list of names of men who had been chosen to staff a police force. An hour and day were appointed for these men to meet with Brigham Young, Jedediah M. Grant, and other city/church officials to obtain their commissions and instructions. Young convened the police meeting by stating: "The time has come to have a company of Police officers to watch over this city. I have made a selection of 40 men such as I can trust—when one of these men is on duty I can keep [secure]—the city is poor, not able to pay you much now; so we must have economy and after which we hope to do better."
According to John, all 40 of the men accepted the call. Perhaps the qualifications of the other 39 were similar to John's. He had had prior experience in the Nauvoo Legion (having been admitted at 15 since he was large for his age), and he was steady and sober.
During this meeting John, along with the other men, took an oath of office. He learned that his duties were to see that all people observed the city ordinances and broke no territorial laws and to be on duty at all times and to "put down iniquity whenever we find it as we are passing around and about our work." The police were not to charge for their vigilance except when they were on night watch, when they would be paid 25 cents an hour—about the same as Utah's then-current minimum wage. President Young admitted this was "too small pay for men being broke of their rest. But be of good courage," he said, "for you shall be blessed." As for police ethics, Young told the group: "If any man asks for your authority knock him down with your cane. Serve my boys the same way."
The police brigade subsequently met each Sunday between the two church meetings to "post each other in the line of duty." John did not mind these gatherings, finding them to be "of great benefit" by way of instruction, shared news, and no doubt camaraderie.
John served as a Salt Lake City police officer for four years. He later wrote that many incidents occurred during his tour of duty, but "I have not time to write it." On occasion he was gone a full day or even two chasing thieves and tracking down stolen property such as cattle and horses. Besides his 24-hour volunteer vigilance—a duty filled "while we are about our own business"—John served one-half night of watch duty per week, taking the irregular hours in stride. Night work "would scarce ever hinder me from my daily labor," he noted. "I have tended mill so much, worked all day and half of the night that I don't need as much sleep as some think they do."
Source: "A Short Sketch of the History of John Pulsipher...Written by Himself," (n.p.: June 1970), mimeographed typescript, copy in LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City.
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